Endogamous Networks

These individuals are not presented as isolated families, but as part of a persistent endogamous network centered in Zacatecas and its former territories. The repetition of surnames, marriages, occupations, and geographic clustering suggests continuity through social strategy rather than open religious practice. This network model explains both the survival of crypto-Jewish lineages and the failure of single-family origin claims.

Zacatecas & Former Territories

📌 Founder’s Note
Many individuals listed here recur extensively within the founder’s family tree—often appearing **five or more times across independent lines**—as a result of sustained endogamy within Zacatecas and its former territories. This level of recurrence reflects a normal founder effect and helps explain the amplified presence of shared ancestors across these towns.

Name	Life Span	Role	Connection	Key Towns	Sephardic Ancestry
Gobernador Gonzalo de Salazar	B. before 1492 – d. after 1564	Governor / Colonial official	Colonist		Confirmed
Gobernador Gonzalo de Salazar	B. before 1492 – d. after 1564	Governor / Colonial official	Colonist		Confirmed
Catalina de la Cadena Maluenda	C. 1497 – c. 1572	Colonial elite	Colonist	Pánuco, Zac	Confirmed
Cristobal de Oñate	C. 1504 – 1567	Mine Owner	Founder of Zacatecas	Pánuco, Zac; Zacatecas, Zac	Unconfirmed
Catalina De Salazar	1513 – 1590	Mine Owner	Colonist	Pánuco, Zac	Confirmed
Pedro Pacho	1500 – 1546	Conquistador	Colonist	Ocampo, Dgo	Confirmed
María Anna Temiño de Velasco	1520 – 1580	Colonial elite	Colonist	Ocampo, Dgo	Confirmed
Baltasar Temiño de Bañuelos	C. 1530 – 1611	Mine Owner	Founder of Zacatecas	Pánuco, Zac; Zacatecas, Zac	Confirmed
María de Zaldívar y Mendoza	C. 1550 – c. 1611	Colonial elite	Colonist	Pánuco, Zac; Zacatecas, Zac	Unconfirmed
Capitán Lorenzo Álvarez Mexia	C. May 1563 – 1607	Military officer / Colonist	Colonist	Zacatecas, Zac	Confirmed
Agustina de Viera Alvarez	C. 1566 – d. unknown	Colonial elite	Colonist	Zacatecas, Zac	Unconfirmed
Capitán Don Diego Flores de la Torre	January 1542 – c. 1616	Encomendero / Capitán	Colonist	Juchipila, Zacatecas	Has Jewish Inquisition record
Ángela Temiño de Velasco	20 May 1542 – c. 1586	Colonial elite	Colonist	Juchipila, Zacatecas	Confirmed
Juana Bernal de Zúñiga	C. 1541 – d. unknown	Colonial elite	Colonist	Zacatecas, Zacatecas	Confirmed

Nuevo Leon

📌 Founder’s Note
The lines documented in the Nuevo Leon network may overlap with other areas of Mexico, such as Zacatecas, Coahuila, New Mexico, and other northern states. However, these ancestors are primarily documented in Nuevo Leon families.